Body image and quality of life among transgender men could be improved with more gender-focused care, according to research by Nottingham Trent University in the UK and Breda University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands.
The study questioned 166 trans men on aspects of gender congruence – the feeling of harmony between a person’s gender identity (how they see themselves) and their physical appearance or how others perceive them; and body satisfaction.
In a unique approach, it also measured quality of life across four areas; physiological; psychological; social; and environmental.
Findings showed that when trans men feel that their gender identity matches their appearance, they are happier with their bodies and overall wellbeing.
In relation to quality of life, feeling good about their gender was seen to help trans men with their physical health, mental health, and feeling safe in their environment.
However, gender congruence was not seen to impact on their social lives, possibly reflecting the unique shared-experience bonds formed among this community.
Dr Liam Cahill, lead researcher and senior lecturer in LGBTQ+ Psychology at NTU’s School of Social Sciences, said: “While research already shows a link between gender congruence and body satisfaction, their intersection with quality of life for trans men has so far been neglected. Understanding this complex relationship is critical to developing the right support for trans men.”
The study also examined how gender-affirming care, like hormone therapy and chest surgery, affects quality of life, gender congruence, and body satisfaction. Both types of care significantly improved gender congruence and indirectly boosted body satisfaction. Chest surgery was linked to better physical, mental, and environmental quality of life, while hormone therapy improved mental and environmental quality of life.
Dr Cahill added: “Gender-affirming care might not change how people see their bodies directly. Instead, it helps their physical appearance match their gender identity, which is crucial for feeling satisfied with their bodies. These findings highlight the need for accessible gender-focused care that supports both gender congruence and body satisfaction, helping to improve the overall well-being of trans men.”
Understanding the Role of Gender Congruence and Affirming Care in Trans Men’s Body Image and Quality of Life by Dr Liam Cahill, Chase Staras, Dr Treshi-Marie Perera, Dr Beth Jones, and Professor Daragh McDermott is available to read via the International Journal of Transgender Health.